While preparing 2011 to gather his papers last, and put the end point of an eventful year hot
The major turning point in Egypt's history from the Revolution
January glorious through the first and second phases of the People's Assembly elections, is still a lot of experts and analysts see much of the anxiety and uncertainty and optimism also for papers will imply the new year 2012 of the challenges of both internal and external paving the way towards
Comprehensive democratic transformation that is desired by all Egyptians.
Al-Ahram evening met with Dr. Mohammad Mujahid, Al-Zayat, Vice President of the National Center for Middle East Studies, who said at the beginning of his speech that he does not worry about who will govern Egypt in the coming period, but the worry is how to govern Egypt, because it will rule no matter who they are political forces won the elections fair It has a popular mandate, becomes the question here is how these forces will govern Egypt, and is seen to solve the problems you are experiencing, and how it will deal with other political forces? This is the fundamental criterion.
* We asked him how to see the Egyptian political scene at the moment?
** Links to read the results of the first phase of parliamentary elections, we will discover a number of indicators including the presence of strong political Islamic (Muslim Brotherhood and the Salafis) greatly exceeded all expectations, both at the individual level or at the level of the menus.
* WPM explain that?
** The Brotherhood, the oldest political movement in Egypt and has a strong organization and succeeded in increasing their effectiveness and their bases since the revolution, and even now, while the Salafis did not have a party before and was limited to their presence on the popular level, so they are more organized and strong popularity.
* Why absent a strong revolution in the first round of elections?
** This is caused because the leaders of coalitions of the revolution that exclude them revolutionary forces were preoccupied with media more than ready for the elections and was keen to address the outside more than inside, and some leave the political arena and went to lecture foreign to emphasize its international presence did not succeed in gathering a strong youth that came out to the field and instead focus on the nation focused on the issues of sub-confirm their ability as a pressure group and not as a political party.
* Do you expect to be absent for the next parliament?
** It is likely to be absent mainly responsible for it and also a number of political leaders and media that have held that the crowds of youth sub-issues and achieve a clash between them and the Islamic political forces.
* What are the other notes on these elections?
** Despite the absence of liberal parties that the cluster which is the largest gathering of liberal, I got a good portion but it greatly affected some of the statements by its leaders have not received the correct part to accept people sometimes, and there seemed to be a kind of arrogance has a private in their view of what the Islamic forces of the gains.
* What about the document d. The peaceful that sparked controversy?
** It is important observations in the Egyptian political scene is to stop talking about the document d. Peaceful, which raised many of the differences between the political forces of Egypt and which represented, in essence, an attempt to impose a trusteeship to the People and the next process of forming the foundation for the development of the Constitution.
Q: What is your assessment of the first stage of the parliamentary elections?
** Noted that the first phase of parliamentary elections give an indication of the results of the entire election, and therefore most likely to achieve gains of the Islamic movement in the overall electoral process so that this current is the primary force in the next parliament.
* What about the concerns raised about the strong presence of the Islamic Movement?
** I do not agree with all the concerns raised in this regard, it is imperative that everyone abide by the results of ballot boxes and if the people who voted in the elections free and fair elections for the Party of Freedom and Justice Party and the light of other physical respect the opinion of the people that this is democracy, as long as they respect the standards of democracy, democracy in the opinion of political scientists are not elections, freedom of press and opinion only, but the values also provides for the exclusion and broad political participation and taking into account the interests of the country, so I would imagine that the Islamic movement also make programs more satisfied accommodate reservations and fears of others and opens the door to social harmony.
Q: What about dealing with the progress of the strong liberal Islamists?
** Must be the Islamic movement is more flexible in dealing with attempts by some liberal forces began pulling the community to some liberal parties after failing to achieve the gains were being sent to the sharp criticism of the Islamic movement can increase the tension on the community and the other party to accommodate even the continue the political game within its borders safe.
Q: What are the issues that should be the focus of the Islamic trend in the next parliament?
** Must be focused on achieving security and economic crisis and the reduction of unemployment and to achieve stability and advancing the development and disappear to the rear sub-thorny issues that raise concerns.
* How do you think the limits of the powers of the next parliament?
** Of questions that arise now the extent of the powers granted to parliament next, and in my opinion that this issue deserves discussion is the quiet, the next Parliament must have all his powers especially with regard to government accountability, and unique to the legislative process without the participation of from others, and to have a main effect or power core in the process of forming the foundation of the Constitution on the floor of consensus on the principles of the Supreme relied upon by the founding committee for the preparation of the Constitution and through calm dialogue with all political forces and personalities of independent trade unions and trade unions, and others inspired everyone and interests of the country the first place.
* What are your expectations for the next presidential election?
** Talk about the presidential election was premature because there is a group of candidates we have seen from most auctions large and so their programs with respect to internal affairs were not clear enough and still is, and foreign policy with the exception of a candidate or two Valbagon not have a clear vision of foreign policy issues which is a major weakness, I see that the map of the political forces that will be formed after the parliamentary elections will determine the area of movement in front of the presidential candidates and the support that would direct such a strong candidate for the next.
* How to stop bleeding and the economy?
** I think the problem is not only an economic but political and security, in the absence of political vision for the current phase and the next, and with the differences that have become more acute among the political forces, and with the continuing security vacuum, and not stability back the confidence of foreign investors and the Egyptians and the growing concern and represents a return of political stability and security the starting point for the application of any solutions to address the economic crisis
* What are the initial steps to ensure that the return of security?
** Security will not return unless the return of the application of the law and that everyone is aware that the application does not play only the State and its institutions, if we demand the return of police work, we also need to demand the return of public confidence in the police, if we change the call for the police sectorand security for his handling of the People We urge the need to respect the police and not overrun with them, and to ensure respect for the Interior Ministry, which represents the prestige of the Egyptian state.
* Egypt and how they move to counter the rapid regional developments around it?
** Of the constants that Egypt is a pivotal state, and this amount and must quickly regain its external and its ability to influence the regional surroundings especially in light of the developments witnessed by the successive carries with it many risks.
* How do you see the situation now on the western border after the departure of Gaddafi and his regime?
** Still developments in Libya, unstable and unknown forces that will govern the nature and direction, and with the uncertainty and instability in Tripoli keep the border a threat to Egyptian national security.
* For the southern border?
** Northern Sudan is witnessing active political movements is not known where to end Can affect the stability or not, and there are differences between the north and south, and is supposed to absorb a lot of interest in Egypt.
Q: What about the eastern border, the Egyptian-Israeli relations?
** There is concern the developments of the Egyptian-Israeli, and Israeli military movements included the revival of the southern region, restructuring and redeployment of the Israeli army and the deployment of a new near the Egyptian border and increasing talk in Israel about the need to change the theory of Israel's security after the Egyptian revolution, which refers to the Egyptian-Israeli relations a candidate for further change.
Q: What do require these regional developments?
** These interactions in the neighboring countries should heed her decision-makers in Egypt, as well as strong political party on the different and, if necessary degree of concern process of building a basic procedure should be borne in mind how to deal with these interactions .
* Does the Syrian developments portend a new outbreak of war in the region?
** There are developments under way in Syria, specifically reversed the equation of balance in the Arab Mashreq, indications point to the imminent fall of the regime of Bashar al-Assad that the Syrian opposition, however, is to represent a coherent alternative to ready, and therefore the international situation is still slow, and the basic observation that League of Arab States have taken procrastination of the Syrian regime to respond to the demands of the university but it is noticeable that the university is going and to pay some of the Gulf States to discharge the entity and the Syrian issue and provide cover for foreign intervention in Damascus, and in my opinion, Turkey will lead this intervention with the support of the European Union and the United States of America and will begin a buffer zone for refugees, followed by a fly above experiments we have seen have seen previously in Iraq and Libya.
* And how it will change the regional map?
** Serious about what's happening in Syria is its repercussions on Lebanon and the Israeli position and influence of Iran in general in the Arab Mashreq, growing Turkish role will be at the expense of Iranian influence in the region and, of course, the preoccupation with Egypt for a long time in their internal affairs would lead to the absence all attempts to arrange the regional conditions, and thus the formulation of the equation of balance control alliances in the coming period may not be a partner in Egypt.
Q: How do we face it?
** We must note that communications are active and effective political forces in the region to assure attendance of Egypt, and there are Egyptian initiatives on the table to deal with current developments and establish alliances with influential countries regionally.
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